快捷环境配置--Docker 安装

ubuntu 安装 docker

1. 更新服务器

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

2. 安装依赖和官方仓库

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release

#添加 Docker 官方 GPG key
sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

#添加 Docker 官方仓库
echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] \
  https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" \
  | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

3. 重启服务器以更新内核

sudo reboot

4. 安装 Docker

sudo apt update
sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

5. 验证安装

sudo docker run hello-world
sudo docker rm $(sudo docker ps -a -q --filter ancestor=hello-world)
sudo docker rmi hello-world

6. 设置镜像加速

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.m.daocloud.io"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

常用命令

# 启动
docker compose up -d --build
# 重启
docker compose restart
# 停止
docker compose down
# 查看日志
docker compose logs -f
# 查看容器
docker ps
# 查看所有容器
docker ps -a
# 删除容器
docker rm <container_id>
# 删除所有容器
docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
# 删除镜像
docker rmi <image_id>
# 删除所有镜像
docker rmi $(docker images -q)
# 删除所有容器和镜像
docker system prune -a

7. 常见问题

无法访问官方源

可以尝试更换阿里云源

sudo sed -i 's/deb.debian.org/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo sed -i 's/security.debian.org/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

下载速度慢

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": [
    "https://dockerproxy.com",
    "https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com",
    "https://hub-mirror.c.163.com"
  ]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

然后重启

sudo systemctl daemon-reexec
sudo systemctl restart docker